Background: Bacillus cereus is one of the important pathogen, which can be found in food samples like milk and principally responsible for food poisoning. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes present in the Bacillus cereus bacterium, which provide resistance to the bacteria against the extreme condition. The objective of this study is to carry out molecular detection of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV MBL genes in B. cereus strains, isolated from infant dry milk samples. Methods: Total 50 samples of infant dry milk were collected from the drug store, and 19 samples were selected for this investigation. After morphological and biochemical characterization of suspected colonies which are obtained from infant dry milk samples, these isolates were confirmed for B. cereus. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done as per criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The phenotypic confirmatory analysis was done in Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) plates with clavulanic acid. If inhibition diameter is ≥ 5 mm increases in the clavulanic acid (CA) containing plate than to a plate without CA, it confirmed the presence of MBL genes. PCR used for detection of MBL genes in the isolated strains. Results: PCR detected the blaCTX-M (100%), blaSHV (4%) and blaTEM (84. 2%) gene of B. cereus in the infant dry milk. Conclusion: The study confirms that the infant dry milk is a good source of B. cereus, if dry milk has absorbed water content from the air and hence providing a perfect condition for the growth of the bacterium, so It should be kept airtight the dry milk and stored in the cold condition.

Objective: Available accurate data on the concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in human milk throughout lactation and infant formulas is important both for formulating nutritional requirements for substances and to provide a base line for the understanding the physiology of their secretion. The objective of this study was to analyze the concentrations of zinc and copper in infant formulas and human milk during prolonged lactation. Levels of these metals were examined in relation to selected parameters such as age, weight, height, education and occupation of mothers.Methods: Thirty mothers referred to the selected clinics in Tehran entered the study. Human milk samples were collected at 2 months postpartum. Zinc and copper concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Findings: The mean values of Zn and Cu in human milk were 2.95±0.77mg/L and 0.36±0.11 mg/L. The mean values of Zn and Cu in infant formulas were 3.98±0.25 mg/L and 0.53±0.17mg/L. Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between levels of trace elements in human milk and evaluated parameters such as age, weight, height, education and occupation of mothers. The concentrations of zinc and copper in breast milk were lower than those reported in the literature.

Human milk contains all of the constituents that are required for the optimal growth and development of a neonate. It supports the development of brain, immune, and physiological systems. This study aimed to consider the significance of breast milk in preventing oxidative stress by comparing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in breast and formula milk for premature infants, demonstrating the relationship between TAC in breast milk and postnatal age in days.The Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) method was used to spectophotometrically measure of TAC in breast and formula milk. One hundred and fourty (n=140) lactating mothers agreed to participate in the study. TAC was also measured in two brands of formula milk (n=80).The Range of TAC in human breast milk was 234.27-1442.31 mM and in two formula was 160.04-630.92 mM. The average TAC was significantly higher in breast milk(642.94 ± 241.23 mM) compared to formula milk (280.986 ± 100.34 mM) p<0.0001. The TAC of breast milk was increased with some nutritional parameter such as increased consumption of cheese, vegetables, fruits, bread and nuts. Infants’ height at the birthday was directly correlated with antioxidant capacity of breast milk, whilst a reversed correlation was observed between TAC in breast milk and infant age.Based on our results, it is concluded that the TAC of breast milk is varied and affected by nutrition. It is alo observed that TAC is significantly higher in breast milk than formula, which means that breast milk provides better antioxidant potency than infant formula.